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Ceph production example

This section describes an example production environment for a working OpenStack-Ansible (OSA) deployment with high availability services and using the Ceph backend for images, volumes, and instances.

This example environment has the following characteristics:

  • Three infrastructure (control plane) hosts with ceph-mon containers

  • Two compute hosts

  • Three Ceph OSD storage hosts

  • One log aggregation host

  • Multiple Network Interface Cards (NIC) configured as bonded pairs for each host

  • Full compute kit with the Telemetry service (ceilometer) included, with Ceph configured as a storage back end for the Image (glance), and Block Storage (cinder) services

  • Internet access via the router address 172.29.236.1 on the Management Network

../../_images/arch-layout-production-ceph.png

Integration with Ceph

OpenStack-Ansible allows Ceph storage cluster integration in three ways:

  • connecting to your own pre-deployed ceph cluster by pointing to its information in user_variables.yml and allowing openstack-ansible to ssh to the ceph monitors to retrieve the contents of ceph.conf and the keyrings.

    This method only requires a very small amount of configuration in user_variables.yml to point to the external ceph cluster monitors. The whole configuration for ceph-ansible would live outside the openstack-ansible deployment and there is no duplication. The ceph_mons variable expects a list of IP addresses for the Ceph Monitor servers in the external ceph deployment:

Note

Overriding ceph_mons is required only when you are using external cluster which does not present in the OpenStack-Ansible’s inventory (ie group mon_group_name is not defined).

ceph_mons:
    - 172.29.244.151
    - 172.29.244.152
    - 172.29.244.153

  • connecting to your own pre-deployed ceph cluster by pointing to its monitors in user_variables.yml as above and providing data to populate ceph.conf and ceph keyring files on the deploy host. This is described here. No ssh access by openstack-ansible is required to the ceph cluster.

  • deploying a ceph cluster as part of the openstack-ansible deployment by using the roles maintained by the Ceph-Ansible project. Deployers can enable the ceph-install.yml playbook by adding hosts to the ceph-mon_hosts and ceph-osd_hosts groups in openstack_user_config.yml. In order to enable ceph-rgw-install.yml playbook you need to add ceph-rgw_hosts in openstack_user_config.yml.

Note

Please mention, that RGW installation should be performed after deployment of Keystone service.

Once groups are defined, you can proceed with configuring Ceph-Ansible specific vars in the OpenStack-Ansible user_variables.yml file.

Warning

Deploying ceph cluster as part of openstack-ansible is not recommended since ceph-ansible upgrade path is not tested or supported. This option is mainly used for CI and AIO deployments to test and demonstrate a sample integration of the software stack.

This example will focus on the deployment of both OpenStack-Ansible and its Ceph cluster.

Network configuration

Network CIDR/VLAN assignments

The following CIDR and VLAN assignments are used for this environment.

Network

CIDR

VLAN

Management Network

172.29.236.0/22

10

Tunnel (VXLAN) Network

172.29.240.0/22

30

Storage Network

172.29.244.0/22

20

IP assignments

The following host name and IP address assignments are used for this environment.

Host name

Management IP

Tunnel (VxLAN) IP

Storage IP

lb_vip_address

172.29.236.9

infra1

172.29.236.11

172.29.240.11

infra2

172.29.236.12

172.29.240.12

infra3

172.29.236.13

172.29.240.13

log1

172.29.236.14

compute1

172.29.236.16

172.29.240.16

172.29.244.16

compute2

172.29.236.17

172.29.240.17

172.29.244.17

osd1

172.29.236.18

172.29.244.18

osd2

172.29.236.19

172.29.244.19

osd3

172.29.236.20

172.29.244.20

Host network configuration

Each host will require the correct network bridges to be implemented. The following is the /etc/network/interfaces file for infra1.

Note

If your environment does not have eth0, but instead has p1p1 or some other interface name, ensure that all references to eth0 in all configuration files are replaced with the appropriate name. The same applies to additional network interfaces.

# This is a multi-NIC bonded configuration to implement the required bridges
# for OpenStack-Ansible. This illustrates the configuration of the first
# Infrastructure host and the IP addresses assigned should be adapted
# for implementation on the other hosts.
#
# After implementing this configuration, the host will need to be
# rebooted.

# Assuming that eth0/1 and eth2/3 are dual port NIC's we pair
# eth0 with eth2 and eth1 with eth3 for increased resiliency
# in the case of one interface card failing.
auto eth0
iface eth0 inet manual
    bond-master bond0
    bond-primary eth0

auto eth1
iface eth1 inet manual
    bond-master bond1
    bond-primary eth1

auto eth2
iface eth2 inet manual
    bond-master bond0

auto eth3
iface eth3 inet manual
    bond-master bond1

# Create a bonded interface. Note that the "bond-slaves" is set to none. This
# is because the bond-master has already been set in the raw interfaces for
# the new bond0.
auto bond0
iface bond0 inet manual
    bond-slaves none
    bond-mode active-backup
    bond-miimon 100
    bond-downdelay 200
    bond-updelay 200

# This bond will carry VLAN and VXLAN traffic to ensure isolation from
# control plane traffic on bond0.
auto bond1
iface bond1 inet manual
    bond-slaves none
    bond-mode active-backup
    bond-miimon 100
    bond-downdelay 250
    bond-updelay 250

# Container/Host management VLAN interface
auto bond0.10
iface bond0.10 inet manual
    vlan-raw-device bond0

# OpenStack Networking VXLAN (tunnel/overlay) VLAN interface
auto bond1.30
iface bond1.30 inet manual
    vlan-raw-device bond1

# Storage network VLAN interface (optional)
auto bond0.20
iface bond0.20 inet manual
    vlan-raw-device bond0

# Container/Host management bridge
auto br-mgmt
iface br-mgmt inet static
    bridge_stp off
    bridge_waitport 0
    bridge_fd 0
    bridge_ports bond0.10
    address 172.29.236.11
    netmask 255.255.252.0
    gateway 172.29.236.1
    dns-nameservers 8.8.8.8 8.8.4.4

# OpenStack Networking VXLAN (tunnel/overlay) bridge
#
# The COMPUTE, NETWORK and INFRA nodes must have an IP address
# on this bridge.
#

auto br-vxlan
iface br-vxlan inet static
    bridge_stp off
    bridge_waitport 0
    bridge_fd 0
    bridge_ports bond1.30
    address 172.29.240.16
    netmask 255.255.252.0

# OpenStack Networking VLAN bridge
auto br-vlan
iface br-vlan inet manual
    bridge_stp off
    bridge_waitport 0
    bridge_fd 0
    bridge_ports bond1

# compute1 Network VLAN bridge
#auto br-vlan
#iface br-vlan inet manual
#    bridge_stp off
#    bridge_waitport 0
#    bridge_fd 0
#
# For tenant vlan support, create a veth pair to be used when the neutron
# agent is not containerized on the compute hosts. 'eth12' is the value used on
# the host_bind_override parameter of the br-vlan network section of the
# openstack_user_config example file. The veth peer name must match the value
# specified on the host_bind_override parameter.
#
# When the neutron agent is containerized it will use the container_interface
# value of the br-vlan network, which is also the same 'eth12' value.
#
# Create veth pair, do not abort if already exists
#    pre-up ip link add br-vlan-veth type veth peer name eth12 || true
# Set both ends UP
#    pre-up ip link set br-vlan-veth up
#    pre-up ip link set eth12 up
# Delete veth pair on DOWN
#    post-down ip link del br-vlan-veth || true
#    bridge_ports bond1 br-vlan-veth

# Storage bridge (optional)
#
# Only the COMPUTE and STORAGE nodes must have an IP address
# on this bridge. When used by infrastructure nodes, the
# IP addresses are assigned to containers which use this
# bridge.
#
auto br-storage
iface br-storage inet manual
    bridge_stp off
    bridge_waitport 0
    bridge_fd 0
    bridge_ports bond0.20

# compute1 Storage bridge
#auto br-storage
#iface br-storage inet static
#    bridge_stp off
#    bridge_waitport 0
#    bridge_fd 0
#    bridge_ports bond0.20
#    address 172.29.244.16
#    netmask 255.255.252.0

Deployment configuration

Environment layout

The /etc/openstack_deploy/openstack_user_config.yml file defines the environment layout.

The following configuration describes the layout for this environment.

---
cidr_networks: &cidr_networks
  management: 172.29.236.0/22
  tunnel: 172.29.240.0/22
  storage: 172.29.244.0/22

used_ips:
  - "172.29.236.1,172.29.236.50"
  - "172.29.240.1,172.29.240.50"
  - "172.29.244.1,172.29.244.50"
  - "172.29.248.1,172.29.248.50"

global_overrides:
  cidr_networks: *cidr_networks
  internal_lb_vip_address: 172.29.236.9
  #
  # The below domain name must resolve to an IP address
  # in the CIDR specified in haproxy_keepalived_external_vip_cidr.
  # If using different protocols (https/http) for the public/internal
  # endpoints the two addresses must be different.
  #
  external_lb_vip_address: openstack.example.com
  management_bridge: "br-mgmt"
  provider_networks:
    - network:
        container_bridge: "br-mgmt"
        container_type: "veth"
        container_interface: "eth1"
        ip_from_q: "management"
        type: "raw"
        group_binds:
          - all_containers
          - hosts
        is_management_address: true
    - network:
        container_bridge: "br-vxlan"
        container_type: "veth"
        container_interface: "eth10"
        ip_from_q: "tunnel"
        type: "vxlan"
        range: "1:1000"
        net_name: "vxlan"
        group_binds:
          - neutron_linuxbridge_agent
    - network:
        container_bridge: "br-vlan"
        container_type: "veth"
        container_interface: "eth12"
        host_bind_override: "eth12"
        type: "flat"
        net_name: "physnet1"
        group_binds:
          - neutron_linuxbridge_agent
    - network:
        container_bridge: "br-vlan"
        container_type: "veth"
        container_interface: "eth11"
        type: "vlan"
        range: "101:200,301:400"
        net_name: "physnet2"
        group_binds:
          - neutron_linuxbridge_agent
    - network:
        container_bridge: "br-storage"
        container_type: "veth"
        container_interface: "eth2"
        ip_from_q: "storage"
        type: "raw"
        group_binds:
          - glance_api
          - cinder_api
          - cinder_volume
          - manila_share
          - nova_compute
          - ceph-mon
          - ceph-osd

###
### Infrastructure
###

_infrastructure_hosts: &infrastructure_hosts
  infra1:
    ip: 172.29.236.11
  infra2:
    ip: 172.29.236.12
  infra3:
    ip: 172.29.236.13

# nova hypervisors
compute_hosts: &compute_hosts
  compute1:
    ip: 172.29.236.16
  compute2:
    ip: 172.29.236.17

ceph-osd_hosts:
  osd1:
    ip: 172.29.236.18
  osd2:
    ip: 172.29.236.19
  osd3:
    ip: 172.29.236.20

# galera, memcache, rabbitmq, utility
shared-infra_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# zookeeper
coordination_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# ceph-mon containers
ceph-mon_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# ceph-mds containers
ceph-mds_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# ganesha-nfs hosts
ceph-nfs_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# repository (apt cache, python packages, etc)
repo-infra_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# load balancer
# Ideally the load balancer should not use the Infrastructure hosts.
# Dedicated hardware is best for improved performance and security.
load_balancer_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

###
### OpenStack
###

# keystone
identity_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# cinder api services
storage-infra_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# cinder volume hosts (Ceph RBD-backed)
storage_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# glance
image_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# placement
placement-infra_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# nova api, conductor, etc services
compute-infra_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# heat
orchestration_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# horizon
dashboard_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# neutron server, agents (L3, etc)
network_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# ceilometer (telemetry data collection)
metering-infra_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# aodh (telemetry alarm service)
metering-alarm_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# gnocchi (telemetry metrics storage)
metrics_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# manila (share service)
manila-infra_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts
manila-data_hosts: *infrastructure_hosts

# ceilometer compute agent (telemetry data collection)
metering-compute_hosts: *compute_hosts

Environment customizations

The optionally deployed files in /etc/openstack_deploy/env.d allow the customization of Ansible groups. This allows the deployer to set whether the services will run in a container (the default), or on the host (on metal).

For a ceph environment, you can run the cinder-volume in a container. To do this you will need to create a /etc/openstack_deploy/env.d/cinder.yml file with the following content:

---
# This file contains an example to show how to set
# the cinder-volume service to run in a container.
#
# Important note:
# When using LVM or any iSCSI-based cinder backends, such as NetApp with
# iSCSI protocol, the cinder-volume service *must* run on metal.
# Reference: https://bugs.launchpad.net/ubuntu/+source/lxc/+bug/1226855

container_skel:
  cinder_volumes_container:
    properties:
      is_metal: false

User variables

The /etc/openstack_deploy/user_variables.yml file defines the global overrides for the default variables.

For this example environment, we configure a HA load balancer. We implement the load balancer (HAProxy) with an HA layer (keepalived) on the infrastructure hosts. Your /etc/openstack_deploy/user_variables.yml must have the following content to configure haproxy, keepalived and ceph:

---
# Because we have three haproxy nodes, we need
# to one active LB IP, and we use keepalived for that.
# These variables must be defined when external_lb_vip_address or
# internal_lb_vip_address is set to FQDN.
## Load Balancer Configuration (haproxy/keepalived)
haproxy_keepalived_external_vip_cidr: "<external_ip_address>/<netmask>"
haproxy_keepalived_internal_vip_cidr: "172.29.236.9/32"
haproxy_keepalived_external_interface: ens2
haproxy_keepalived_internal_interface: br-mgmt

## Ceph cluster fsid (must be generated before first run)
## Generate a uuid using: python -c 'import uuid; print(str(uuid.uuid4()))'
generate_fsid: false
fsid: 116f14c4-7fe1-40e4-94eb-9240b63de5c1 # Replace with your generated UUID

## ceph-ansible settings
## See https://github.com/ceph/ceph-ansible/tree/master/group_vars for
## additional configuration options available.
monitor_address_block: "{{ cidr_networks.storage }}"
public_network: "{{ cidr_networks.storage }}"
cluster_network: "{{ cidr_networks.storage }}"
journal_size: 10240 # size in MB
# ceph-ansible automatically creates pools & keys for OpenStack services
openstack_config: true
cinder_ceph_client: cinder
glance_ceph_client: glance
glance_default_store: rbd
glance_rbd_store_pool: images
nova_libvirt_images_rbd_pool: vms

cinder_backends:
  rbd_volumes:
    volume_driver: cinder.volume.drivers.rbd.RBDDriver
    rbd_pool: volumes
    rbd_ceph_conf: /etc/ceph/ceph.conf
    rbd_store_chunk_size: 8
    volume_backend_name: rbddriver
    rbd_user: "{{ cinder_ceph_client }}"
    rbd_secret_uuid: "{{ cinder_ceph_client_uuid }}"
    report_discard_supported: true