Deploying OpenWRT as VNF¶
Once tacker is installed successfully, follow the steps given below to get started with deploying OpenWRT as VNF.
1.Ensure Glance already contains OpenWRT image. Normally, Tacker tries to add OpenWRT image to Glance while installing via devstack. By running openstack image list to check OpenWRT image if exists. If not, download the customized image of OpenWRT 15.05.1 [1]. Unzip the file by using the command below:
gunzip openwrt-x86-kvm_guest-combined-ext4.img.gz
And then upload this image into Glance by using the command specified below:
openstack image create OpenWRT --disk-format qcow2 \
--container-format bare \
--file /path_to_image/openwrt-x86-kvm_guest-combined-ext4.img \
--public
2.The below example shows how to create the OpenWRT-based Firewall VNF. First, we have a yaml template which contains the configuration of OpenWRT as shown below:
tosca-vnfd-openwrt.yaml [2]
tosca_definitions_version: tosca_simple_profile_for_nfv_1_0_0
description: OpenWRT with services
metadata:
template_name: OpenWRT
topology_template:
node_templates:
VDU1:
type: tosca.nodes.nfv.VDU.Tacker
capabilities:
nfv_compute:
properties:
num_cpus: 1
mem_size: 512 MB
disk_size: 1 GB
properties:
image: OpenWRT
config: |
param0: key1
param1: key2
mgmt_driver: openwrt
monitoring_policy:
name: ping
parameters:
count: 3
interval: 10
actions:
failure: respawn
CP1:
type: tosca.nodes.nfv.CP.Tacker
properties:
management: true
order: 0
anti_spoofing_protection: false
requirements:
- virtualLink:
node: VL1
- virtualBinding:
node: VDU1
CP2:
type: tosca.nodes.nfv.CP.Tacker
properties:
order: 1
anti_spoofing_protection: false
requirements:
- virtualLink:
node: VL2
- virtualBinding:
node: VDU1
CP3:
type: tosca.nodes.nfv.CP.Tacker
properties:
order: 2
anti_spoofing_protection: false
requirements:
- virtualLink:
node: VL3
- virtualBinding:
node: VDU1
VL1:
type: tosca.nodes.nfv.VL
properties:
network_name: net_mgmt
vendor: Tacker
VL2:
type: tosca.nodes.nfv.VL
properties:
network_name: net0
vendor: Tacker
VL3:
type: tosca.nodes.nfv.VL
properties:
network_name: net1
vendor: Tacker firewall
We also have another configuration yaml template with some firewall rules of OpenWRT.
tosca-config-openwrt-firewall.yaml [3]
vdus:
VDU1:
config:
firewall: |
package firewall
config defaults
option syn_flood '1'
option input 'ACCEPT'
option output 'ACCEPT'
option forward 'REJECT'
config zone
option name 'lan'
list network 'lan'
option input 'ACCEPT'
option output 'ACCEPT'
option forward 'ACCEPT'
config zone
option name 'wan'
list network 'wan'
list network 'wan6'
option input 'REJECT'
option output 'ACCEPT'
option forward 'REJECT'
option masq '1'
option mtu_fix '1'
config forwarding
option src 'lan'
option dest 'wan'
config rule
option name 'Allow-DHCP-Renew'
option src 'wan'
option proto 'udp'
option dest_port '68'
option target 'ACCEPT'
option family 'ipv4'
config rule
option name 'Allow-Ping'
option src 'wan'
option proto 'icmp'
option icmp_type 'echo-request'
option family 'ipv4'
option target 'ACCEPT'
config rule
option name 'Allow-IGMP'
option src 'wan'
option proto 'igmp'
option family 'ipv4'
option target 'ACCEPT'
config rule
option name 'Allow-DHCPv6'
option src 'wan'
option proto 'udp'
option src_ip 'fe80::/10'
option src_port '547'
option dest_ip 'fe80::/10'
option dest_port '546'
option family 'ipv6'
option target 'ACCEPT'
config rule
option name 'Allow-MLD'
option src 'wan'
option proto 'icmp'
option src_ip 'fe80::/10'
list icmp_type '130/0'
list icmp_type '131/0'
list icmp_type '132/0'
list icmp_type '143/0'
option family 'ipv6'
option target 'ACCEPT'
config rule
option name 'Allow-ICMPv6-Input'
option src 'wan'
option proto 'icmp'
list icmp_type 'echo-request'
list icmp_type 'echo-reply'
list icmp_type 'destination-unreachable'
list icmp_type 'packet-too-big'
list icmp_type 'time-exceeded'
list icmp_type 'bad-header'
list icmp_type 'unknown-header-type'
list icmp_type 'router-solicitation'
list icmp_type 'neighbour-solicitation'
list icmp_type 'router-advertisement'
list icmp_type 'neighbour-advertisement'
option limit '190/sec'
option family 'ipv6'
option target 'REJECT'
In this template file, we specify the mgmt_driver: openwrt which means this VNFD is managed by openwrt driver [4]. This driver can inject firewall rules which defined in VNFD into OpenWRT instance by using SSH protocol. We can run**cat /etc/config/firewall** to confirm the firewall rules if inject succeed.
3.Create a sample vnfd:
openstack vnf descriptor create --vnfd-file tosca-vnfd-openwrt.yaml <VNFD_NAME>
4.Create a VNF:
openstack vnf create --vnfd-name <VNFD_NAME> \
--config-file tosca-config-openwrt-firewall.yaml <NAME>
5.Check the status:
openstack vnf list
openstack vnf show <VNF_ID>
We can replace the firewall rules configuration file with tosca-config-openwrt-vrouter.yaml [5], tosca-config-openwrt-dnsmasq.yaml [6], or tosca-config-openwrt-qos.yaml [7] to deploy the router, DHCP, DNS, or QoS VNFs. The openwrt VNFM management driver will do the same way to inject the desired service rules into the OpenWRT instance. You can also do the same to check if the rules are injected successful: cat /etc/config/network to check vrouter, cat /etc/config/dhcp to check DHCP and DNS, and cat /etc/config/qos to check the QoS rules.
6.Notes 6.1.OpenWRT user and password The user account is ‘root’ and password is ‘’, which means there is no password for root account.
6.2.Procedure to customize the OpenWRT image The OpenWRT is modified based on KVM OpenWRT 15.05.1 to be suitable forTacker. The procedure is following as below:
cd ~
wget https://archive.openwrt.org/chaos_calmer/15.05.1/x86/kvm_guest/openwrt-15.05.1-x86-kvm_guest-combined-ext4.img.gz \
-O openwrt-x86-kvm_guest-combined-ext4.img.gz
gunzip openwrt-x86-kvm_guest-combined-ext4.img.gz
mkdir -p imgroot
sudo kpartx -av openwrt-x86-kvm_guest-combined-ext4.img
# Replace the loopXp2 with the result of above command, e.g., loop0p2
sudo mount -o loop /dev/mapper/loopXp2 imgroot
sudo chroot imgroot /bin/ash
# Set password of this image to blank, type follow command and then enter two times
passwd
# Set DHCP for the network of OpenWRT so that the VNF can be ping
uci set network.lan.proto=dhcp; uci commit
exit
sudo umount imgroot
sudo kpartx -dv openwrt-x86-kvm_guest-combined-ext4.img
Footnotes
| [1] | https://anda.ssu.ac.kr/~openwrt/openwrt-x86-kvm_guest-combined-ext4.img.gz |
| [2] | https://github.com/openstack/tacker/blob/master/samples/tosca-templates/vnfd/tosca-vnfd-openwrt.yaml |
| [3] | https://github.com/openstack/tacker/blob/master/samples/tosca-templates/vnfd/tosca-config-openwrt-firewall.yaml |
| [4] | https://github.com/openstack/tacker/blob/master/tacker/vnfm/mgmt_drivers/openwrt/openwrt.py |
| [5] | https://github.com/openstack/tacker/blob/master/samples/tosca-templates/vnfd/tosca-config-openwrt-vrouter.yaml |
| [6] | https://github.com/openstack/tacker/blob/master/samples/tosca-templates/vnfd/tosca-config-openwrt-dnsmasq.yaml |
| [7] | https://github.com/openstack/tacker/blob/master/samples/tosca-templates/vnfd/tosca-config-openwrt-qos.yaml |
